Nail Care 101: Healthy Tips for Strong and Gorgeous Nails

Nails are not just accessories that you can paint and decorate. They are also indicators of your overall health and well-being. Taking care of your nails can help you prevent infections, injuries, and diseases, as well as enhance your appearance and confidence.

In this article, we will share with you some of the best tips for keeping your nails healthy, strong, and gorgeous. We will also tell you how to recognize the signs of healthy and unhealthy nails, and what to do if you have any nail problems.

Why nail care is important

Nails are made of keratin, a protein that also forms your hair and skin. They grow from the nail matrix, a layer of cells at the base of your nail bed. The visible part of your nail is called the nail plate, which rests on the nail bed, a layer of skin that supplies blood and nutrients to your nail. The white half-moon shape at the base of your nail is called the lunula, which is part of the nail matrix. The skin that surrounds your nail is called the cuticle, which protects the nail matrix from infection.

Nail care is important because nails reflect your overall health. Healthy nails are usually smooth, pinkish-white, and have even lengths. They also have a prominent lunula and intact cuticles. Unhealthy nails, on the other hand, may have peeling, splitting, cracking, discoloration, spots, grooves, ridges, or inflammation. These can be signs of nutritional deficiencies, infections, injuries, stress, or underlying medical conditions.

Nail care is also important because nails can affect your daily activities and comfort. Well-groomed nails can make you look more polished and professional, as well as prevent snags and breakage that can cause pain or bleeding. On the other hand, poorly maintained nails can harbor bacteria, fungi, or viruses that can cause infections or spread diseases. They can also interfere with your ability to perform tasks such as typing, writing, or playing instruments.

How to keep your nails healthy

Keeping your nails healthy is not difficult if you follow some simple tips. Here are some of the best practices for nail care that you should adopt:

Keep your nails clean and dry

One of the most basic steps for nail care is to keep your nails clean and dry. This can help you prevent dirt, germs, or moisture from accumulating under your nails and causing infections or fungal growth. To keep your nails clean and dry:

Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially before eating or after using the bathroom.
Scrub under your nails gently with a soft brush or a clean toothbrush to remove any dirt or debris.
Dry your hands thoroughly with a towel or a paper towel after washing them.
Avoid soaking your nails in water for too long, as this can weaken them and make them prone to splitting or peeling.
Use an acetone-free nail polish remover to remove any traces of polish from your nails.
Clean any tools that you use for manicure or pedicure with alcohol or disinfectant before and after using them.

Cut your nails straight across and round the tips

Another important step for nail care is to trim your nails regularly to keep them at a comfortable length and prevent them from snagging or breaking. To trim your nails properly:

Use a sharp nail scissors or clippers to cut your nails straight across.
Round the tips of your nails slightly in a gentle curve to match the shape of your finger.
File your nails with an emery board in one direction to smooth out any rough edges or snags.
Avoid cutting your nails too short, as this can expose the nail bed and increase the risk of infection or ingrown nails.
Avoid cutting your nails in a pointed or oval shape, as this can weaken them and make them more likely to split or crack.

Use moisturizer and nail hardener

Another helpful tip for nail care is to use moisturizer and nail hardener to hydrate and strengthen your nails. Moisturizer can help prevent your nails from drying out and becoming brittle, while nail hardener can help reinforce your nail plate and prevent splitting or peeling. To use moisturizer and nail hardener:

Apply a hand lotion or cream to your hands and nails after washing them or whenever they feel dry.
Rub the lotion or cream into your nails and cuticles to nourish and protect them.
Apply a nail hardener to your nails before applying polish or as a base coat to create a protective layer.
Choose a moisturizer and a nail hardener that are suitable for your nail type and condition. For example, if you have thin or weak nails, look for products that contain keratin, biotin, or calcium. If you have dry or brittle nails, look for products that contain glycerin, lanolin, or vitamin E.

Avoid biting your nails or removing the cuticle

Another common mistake that can damage your nails is biting your nails or removing the cuticle. Biting your nails can cause trauma to your nail matrix and lead to infections, deformities, or ingrown nails. Removing the cuticle can also expose the nail matrix to bacteria, fungi, or viruses and cause inflammation, infection, or bleeding. To avoid biting your nails or removing the cuticle:

Keep your nails trimmed and filed to prevent temptation.
Apply a bitter-tasting nail polish or a deterrent product to discourage biting.
Find alternative ways to cope with stress, anxiety, boredom, or habit, such as chewing gum, playing with a stress ball, or meditating.
Use a cuticle pusher or an orange stick to gently push back your cuticles instead of cutting them.
Apply a cuticle oil or cream to moisturize and soften your cuticles.
Avoid using metal tools under your nails, as this can cause the nail plate to separate from the nail bed.

Wear gloves when cleaning or washing dishes

Another factor that can weaken your nails is exposure to harsh chemicals or water. Cleaning products, detergents, bleach, or soap can strip away the natural oils from your nails and make them dry, brittle, or discolored. Water can also soften your nails and make them more susceptible to breaking or peeling. To protect your nails from chemicals or water:

Wear rubber, vinyl, nitrile, or plastic gloves when cleaning or washing dishes.
Choose gloves that fit well and are comfortable to wear.
Change gloves frequently if they get wet or dirty.
Dry your hands and nails thoroughly after removing the gloves.

Choose a quality nail polish and remover

Another way to keep your nails healthy is to choose a quality nail polish and remover that are gentle on your nails. Nail polish can add color and shine to your nails, as well as protect them from damage. Nail polish remover can help you remove old or chipped polish from your nails. However, some nail polishes and removers can contain harmful ingredients that can dry out, stain, or weaken your nails. To choose a quality nail polish and remover:

Look for nail polishes that are free of formaldehyde, toluene, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), camphor, xylene, ethyl tosylamide, parabens, acetone, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), sulfates, fragrances, gluten, animal-derived ingredients, or other toxic chemicals.
Look for nail polish removers that are acetone-free, oil-based, soy-based, plant-based, biodegradable, or enriched with vitamins and minerals.
Apply a base coat before applying polish to prevent staining and chipping.
Apply a top coat after applying polish to seal in the color and add shine.
Avoid applying too many layers of polish, as this can make them thick and prone to cracking.
Remove polish every one to two weeks with a gentle remover and a cotton pad.

Give your nails a break from polish occasionally

Another good practice for nail care is to give your nails a break from polish occasionally. While nail polish can enhance the appearance of your nails, it can also prevent them from breathing and receiving oxygen. This can lead to yellowing, dryness, brittleness, or fungal infections. To give your nails a break from polish:

Leave your nails bare for at least one week every month.
Use this time to moisturize and nourish your nails with natural oils such as olive oil, coconut oil, almond oil, or jojoba oil.
Massage the oil into your nails and cuticles for a few minutes to improve blood circulation and stimulate growth.

Avoid using any harsh products or tools on your nails during this period.

Eat a balanced diet and drink enough water

Another essential tip for nail care is to eat a balanced diet and drink enough water. Your diet and hydration can affect the health and appearance of your nails, as well as your hair and skin. Eating a variety of foods that are rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and healthy fats can help you provide your nails with the nutrients they need to grow strong and beautiful. Drinking enough water can help you keep your nails hydrated and prevent them from becoming dry or brittle. To eat a balanced diet and drink enough water:

Include foods that are high in protein, such as lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy, beans, nuts, seeds, or soy.
Include foods that are high in biotin, a B vitamin that helps strengthen nails, such as eggs, salmon, bananas, avocados, or cauliflower.
Include foods that are high in iron, a mineral that helps prevent brittle nails, such as red meat, spinach, lentils, beans, or fortified cereals.
Include foods that are high in zinc, a mineral that helps prevent white spots on nails, such as oysters, beef, pork, chicken, pumpkin seeds, or cashews.
Include foods that are high in calcium, a mineral that helps prevent splitting or peeling nails, such as milk, cheese, yogurt, broccoli, kale, or almonds.
Include foods that are high in vitamin C, an antioxidant that helps prevent hangnails and infections, such as oranges, grapefruits, strawberries, kiwis, or bell peppers.
Include foods that are high in vitamin E, an antioxidant that helps moisturize nails and cuticles, such as sunflower seeds, almonds, peanuts, spinach, or avocado.
Include foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat that helps reduce inflammation and improve nail growth, such as salmon, tuna, mackerel, flaxseeds, chia seeds, or walnuts.
Drink at least eight glasses of water per day to stay hydrated and flush out toxins from your body.

Trim your toenails regularly and wear proper shoes

Another important aspect of nail care is to take care of your toenails as well. Your toenails are thicker and harder than your fingernails, and they grow more slowly. However, they are also more prone to infections, ingrown nails, or injuries due to friction or pressure from your shoes. To keep your toenails healthy:

Trim your toenails every two to three weeks using a nail scissors or clippers.
Cut your toenails straight across and not too short to avoid ingrown nails or exposing the nail bed.
File your toenails with an emery board to smooth out any rough edges or corners.
Soak your feet in warm water with salt or vinegar for 10 to 15 minutes before trimming your toenails to soften them and make them easier to cut.
Avoid digging out ingrown toenails by yourself, as this can cause pain, bleeding, or infection. See a podiatrist or a dermatologist for treatment if you have an ingrown toenail.
Wear shoes that fit properly and are comfortable to wear. Avoid shoes that are too tight, too loose, too narrow, or too high-heeled. These can cause friction, pressure, or trauma to your toenails and lead to problems such as fungal infections, corns, calluses, or blisters.
Wear socks that are made of cotton or wool and are breathable and absorbent. Avoid socks that are made of synthetic materials or are too tight or too loose. These can cause moisture buildup or irritation to your toenails and increase the risk of infections or fungal growth.
Wear flip flops or sandals when you go to the pool or public showers. This can reduce the exposure to fungi or bacteria that can cause infections or diseases such as athlete’s foot or nail fungus.

See a dermatologist if you have any nail problems

Another crucial tip for nail care is to see a dermatologist if you have any nail problems that persist or worsen over time. Some nail problems can be signs of serious medical conditions such as diabetes, anemia, thyroid disorders, liver disease, kidney disease, heart disease, or cancer. Some nail problems can also be caused by medications, allergies, injuries, or infections that require medical attention. To see a dermatologist if you have any nail problems:

Look for any changes in the color, shape, texture, or thickness of your nails. For example,
- Yellowing of the nails can be a sign of fungal infection,
- Whitening of the nails can be a sign of liver disease,
- Bluish or purple nails can be a sign of poor circulation or oxygen deficiency,
- Greenish or black nails can be a sign of bacterial infection or trauma,
- Brown or red streaks under the nails can be a sign of melanoma or blood vessel inflammation.
Look for any swelling, redness, pain, or pus around your nails. These can be signs of inflammation, infection, or injury that can affect your nail matrix or cuticle.
Look for any splitting, peeling, cracking, or breaking of your nails. These can be signs of dryness, brittleness, or weakness that can result from nutritional deficiencies, dehydration, or exposure to harsh chemicals or water.
Look for any grooves, ridges, spots, or lines on your nails. These can be signs of stress, trauma, illness, or aging that can affect your nail growth or structure.
Schedule an appointment with a board-certified dermatologist who specializes in nail care and can diagnose and treat your nail problems. Bring a list of your medications, allergies, medical history, and nail care habits to help your dermatologist determine the cause and the best treatment for your nail problems.

Conclusion

Nail care is not only a cosmetic issue, but also a health issue. By following the tips we shared in this article, you can keep your nails healthy, strong, and gorgeous. You can also prevent or treat any nail problems that may arise and affect your well-being. Remember, your nails are a reflection of your overall health, so take good care of them and enjoy their beauty.

FAQs

Q: How fast do nails grow?

A: Nails grow at an average rate of 0.1 mm per day, which means about 3 mm per month. However, the growth rate can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, season, diet, health, genetics, and activity level. Generally, nails grow faster in younger people, men, summer, and on the dominant hand.

Q: How often should I get a manicure or pedicure?

A: There is no definitive answer to this question, as it depends on your personal preference, budget, lifestyle, and nail condition. However, as a general guideline, you can get a manicure or pedicure every two to four weeks to maintain the appearance and health of your nails. You can also do it yourself at home with the proper tools and products.

Q: How can I make my nails grow faster and stronger?

A: There is no magic formula to make your nails grow faster and stronger, as it largely depends on your genetics and health. However, you can try some natural remedies that may help improve your nail growth and strength, such as:

Massaging your nails and cuticles with natural oils such as olive oil,coconut oil,almond oil,or jojoba oil.This can help stimulate blood circulation and nourish your nails.
Applying garlic or onion juice to your nails and leaving it for 10 to 15 minutes before washing it off. This can help prevent fungal infections and strengthen your nails.
Soaking your nails in lemon juice or apple cider vinegar for 10 minutes once a week. This can help brighten and whiten your nails.
Eating gelatin or collagen supplements or adding them to your drinks or smoothies. This can help provide protein and amino acids that are essential for nail growth and strength.

Q: What are some common nail problems and how to treat them?

A: Some of the most common nail problems are:

Nail fungus: A fungal infection that causes yellowing,thickening,crumbling,or separation of the nail from the nail bed.It can be treated with antifungal medications,topical creams,or laser therapy.
Ingrown nail: A condition where the edge of the nail grows into the skin,causing pain,swelling,redness,or pus.It can be treated by soaking the affected area in warm water with salt or vinegar,lifting the edge of the nail with a cotton ball or dental floss,trimming the nail straight across,or seeing a podiatrist or a dermatologist for surgery if needed.
Hangnail: A small piece of skin that tears away from the edge of the nail,causing irritation,bleeding,or infection.It can be treated by trimming it with a clean scissors or clippers,applying an antibiotic ointment,and covering it with a bandage.
Brittle nails: A condition where the nails are dry,brittle,split,peel,or crack easily.It can be caused by aging,dehydration,nutritional deficiencies,exposure to harsh chemicals or water,or underlying medical conditions.It can be treated by moisturizing the nails regularly with natural oils or creams,using a nail hardener,wearing gloves when cleaning or washing dishes,eating a balanced diet rich in protein,biotin, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and drinking enough water.
Beau’s lines: Horizontal grooves or ridges that run across the nail plate. They can be caused by stress, trauma, illness, fever, or malnutrition. They usually grow out with the nail and do not require treatment.

Q: How can I prevent nail infections?

A: Nail infections are usually caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses that enter the nail through cracks, cuts, or injuries. They can cause symptoms such as discoloration, thickening, crumbling, separation, pain, swelling, redness, or pus. To prevent nail infections:

Keep your nails clean and dry and avoid biting or picking at them.
Trim your nails regularly and avoid cutting them too short or in a pointed shape.
Wear gloves when cleaning or washing dishes and avoid contact with harsh chemicals or water.
Choose a quality nail polish and remover and avoid sharing them with others.
Give your nails a break from polish occasionally and let them breathe.
Wear flip flops or sandals when going to the pool or public showers and avoid walking barefoot in damp or dirty places.
See a dermatologist if you notice any signs of infection or if you have a medical condition that affects your immune system.